Thyroid thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa, a dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and released into the residual cavity of the thyroid follicles; the entire process happens in the thyroid gland. TSH, iodine deficiency in the thyroid, and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin can stimulate Tg.

A thyroglobulin test mainly acts as a tumor marker test to help guide thyroid cancer treatment.

Tg can distinguish congenital complete thyroid defect and hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin is also considered a specific marker of thyroid body integrity.

It is a tumor marker for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and can use as an essential reference index for follow-up patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after treatment. It can also distinguish subacute thyroiditis from pseudo thyrotoxicosis.